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| native_name = | image = File:China Emblem PLA.svg | image_size = 130px | abbreviation = | predecessor = | merged = | successor = | formation = 1949 | extinction = | merger = | type = Department directly reporting to the Central Committee | tax_id = | registration_id = | status = | purpose = Security staff to the top leaders of China | location = Beijing | coords = | membership = | owner = | sec_gen = | leader_title = Director | leader_name = Mj. Gen. Wang Shaojun | leader_title2 = Executive deputy director | leader_name2 = Li Hongfu | parent_organization = General Office of the Communist Party of China Ministry of Public Security People's Liberation Army General Staff Department | subsidiaries = | affiliations = Administrative Bureau of the Mao Mauseleum | mission = | website = | footnotes = }} The Central Security Bureau (, also called Unit 8341, and less commonly, Unit 57001) or The Central Guard Unit (sometimes as the Central Guard Regiment) is the chief Security Detail military bureau responsible for the security of senior Chinese government, Communist Party, and military leaders. ==History== Activated in 1949, in Xibaipo, Hebei, the bureau is an independent PLA security regiment that does not report to the Beijing Military Region. Instead, it is subordinated to the People's Liberation Army General Staff Headquarters and commanded by a Brigadier General of the People’s Armed Police. When first formed in 1949, this unit included a single brigade consisted of 3 regiments, with the largest one being the 4th Regiment of the 2nd Division of the Public Security Army (PSA, 公安军) of PLA. The 5th Regiment and the 6th Regiment were from PLA units in Shandong and Northeast China respectively. Due to its important missions, the brigade sized unit was given a division unit status, and hence its original name, the 2nd Division of the PSA (公安二师) of PLA. Two years later, the unit was renamed as the Central Guard Division (中央警卫师) in 1951, and the 4th, 5th & 6th Regiments were renamed as the 1st, 2nd and 3rd Regiment respectively, with the 1st regiment being the largest, totaling more than a thousand soldiers. On Jun 9, 1953, the unit went through another and its most significant reorganization. The 1st Regiment of the 2nd Division of the PSA of PLA became an independent unit in Zhongnanhai, sole responsible for the missions of VIP protection. The regiment was renamed as the Central Guard Regiment (中央警卫团), and was placed under the direct control of the Ministry of Public Security of the People's Republic of China (MPS of PRC). A 9th Bureau was formed within the MPS for the new missions, with future Politburo Standing Committee member Wang Dongxing as the bureau chief, Zhang Yaosi (张耀祠) as the deputy bureau chief, reporting directly to the then MPS Minister Luo Ruiqing. After Luo Ruiqing's fall from power in 1965, Wang Dongxing was put in charge as the party boss of the regiment, and eventually he would be removed from this important position after his own downfall from power after the end of Cultural Revolution. In comparison to the drastic change in the top leadership, the command of the Central Guard Regiment itself had experienced much more stable leadership. When the regiment was first formed and named in Zhongnanhai in 1953, Zhang Yaosi, the deputy bureau chief of the 9th Bureau of MPS of PRC was also named as the regimental commander, Zhang Hong (张宏, not related to Zhang Yaosi) was named as the deputy regimental commander and regimental chief-of-staff, Yang Dezhong (杨德中) was named as the political commissar, Wang Huayu (王化宇) was named as the deputy political commissar and the director of the political directorate, and Wang Lianlong (王连龙, not related to Wang Huayu) was named as the deputy director of the political directorate. The regimental officers would remain in their respective posts for the next few decades. During the same year of the most significant reorganization, the unit begun to use the designation assigned to it for the very first time. The very first designation given to the unit in 1953 was General Character 001 (总字001), with General refers to the General Staff Headquarter of PLA. This designation was used until the end of 1950's, when it was changed to "3437". In 1964, designation "3437" was replaced by "8341", a designation originally used for a strategic warehouse of PLA. When the warehouse was deactivated and closed down, the General Staff Headquarter of PLA reassigned the "8341" designation to the Central Guard Regiment, and it was used for almost 8 years, when it replaced by "57003" in 1971. 8341 became the most famous and well known designation for the unit and although it is no longer used since 1971, many still refer the regiment as Unit 8341 today. After 8341, the unit was briefly designated as "57003" during the purge of the Chinese military after Lin Biao's death in 1971, but soon the designation was changed to "57001", the last known designation to the public, which is rumored (yet to be confirmed) still in use today. The original reason for assigning designation was for security reasons and soldiers of the regiment were not allowed to put down the name and address when writing to their relatives and friends, but simply putting down Unit 8341 or other designations instead. Since its activation in 1949, the unit has guarded all the past Chinese leaders, including Mao Zedong, Zhou Enlai, Hua Guofeng, Deng Xiaoping, Jiang Zemin, Hu Jintao and their immediate families.The unit is credited with helping to end the Cultural Revolution when Wang Dongxing, then head of unit 8341, supported the ''coup d'etat'' led by Marshal Ye Jianying against the Gang of Four in September 1976.〔http://www.china-defense.com/orbat/pla_orbat/pla_orbat_03.html〕 When the unit was first formed, it had high requirement for enlistment: any candidates must be a junior-high school graduate, a requirement that does not appear to be much today, but it was considered tough back in the early 1950s, when over half of the Chinese population was illiterate. The unit was prohibited from participating in any public parade, with only a single exception: after the arrest of the Gang of Four, a huge celebration was held in October 1976 in Beijing, and the unit was granted permission to participate in this single public event. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Central Security Bureau of the Communist Party of China」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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